初二年级（中）【知识梳理】I. 重点短语1. give a concert2. fall down3. go on4. at the end of5. go back6. in ahurry7. write down8. come out9. all the year round10. later on11. at times12. ring sb. up13. Happy New Year!14. have a party15. hold on16. hear from17. be ready18. at the moment19. take out20.the same as21. turn over22. get-together23. put on24. take a seat25. wait for26. get lost27. just then28. first of all29. go wrong30. make a noise31. get on32. get off33. stand in line34. at the head of35. laugh at36. throw about37. in fact38. at midnight39. enjoy oneself40. have a headache41. have a cough42. fall asleep43. again and again44. look over45. take exerciseII. 重要句型1. be good for sth.2. I think …3. I hope…4. I love…5. I don’t like…6. I’m sure…7. forget to do sth.8. take a message for sb.9. give sb. the message10. help yourself to sth.11. be famous for sth.12. on one’s way to…13. make one’s way to…14. quarrel with sb.15. agree with sb.16. stop sb. from doing sth.III. 外交用语1.What’s the weather like today?2.It’s cold, but quite suuny.3.How cold it is today!4.Yes, but it’ll be warmer later on.5.Shall we make a snowman?6.Ok. Come on!7.Happy New Year!8.May I speak to Ann, please?？9.Hold on, please.10.Thanks a lot for inviting me to your party.11.Ok. But I’m afraid I may be a little late.12.Can I take a message for you?13.That’s OK. It doesn’t matter.14.I’m very sorry, but I can’t come.15.I’m sorry to hear that.16.Happy birthday!17.Would you like ...? Would you like to ...?18.Do you think ...? Yes, I think so. / No, I don't think so.19.Do you agree? Yes, I agree. / No, don't really agree. I really can't agree.20.There are a few / a lot of ... / on it.21.So do we.22.I'm happy you like it.23.Which is the way to ..., please?24.Turn right/left at the ... crossing.25.Go on until you reach ...26.How can I get to ...? Go down/up/along this road.27.What's the matter?28.It'll take you half an hour to ...29.We'd better catch a bus.30.It may be in ... Ah, so it is31.You must be more careful!32.You mustn't cross the road now.33.If you want to cross a street, you must wait for the green light.34.Please stand in line.35.You must wait for your turn.36.If you don't go soon, you'll be late.37.I don't feel very well.38.My head hurts.39.You mustn't eat anything until you see the doctor.40.What's the trouble?41.What's the matter with…?42.She didn't feel like eating anything.43.Nothing serious.44.Have/get a pain in…45.No problem.46.Take this medicine three times a day.IV. 重要语法1. 一般已往时；2. 反意疑问句的用法；3. 一般未来时；4. 叹息句；5. 简朴句的五种基本句型；6. 情态动词can, may和must, have to的用法；7. 时间状语从句和条件状语从句。【名师解说】1. above/ over/ on 这三个介词都表现“在……之上”，但寄义差别。
on指在某物的外貌上，和某物接触；above指在某物的上方，反面某物接触，但也纷歧定在某物的正上方；over指在某物的正上方，反面某物接触。试比力：There is a book on the desk.课桌上有一本书。
I raise my right hand above my head. 我把右手高举过头。There is a stone bridge over the river. 河面上有座石桥。2. forget to do sth./forget doing sth.forget to do sth.意思是“忘记做某事”，实际上还没做；forget doing sth,意思是“忘记做过某事”，实际上已经做过了。
试比力：I forgot to tell him the news.我忘记告诉他这条消息了。I forgot telling him the news.我已经把这条消息告诉他了，我却忘了。
类似的词另有：remember, regret等。3. hope/wishhope和wish 在汉语中都有“希望”的意思，但其寄义和用法有所差别。
主要区别如下：(1)wish可以用来表现不行实现的愿望；hope只能用来表现可能实现的愿望。例如：I wish I were 20 years younger.我希望自己能年轻二十岁。
I hope you’ll be better soon. 我希望你能很快好起来。I wish the weather wasn’t so cold. 希望天气不这麽冷。I hope he will come, too. 我希望他也能来。
(2)wish可以接sb. to do sth. 的结构，而hope不行以。例如：Do you wish me to come back later? 你是否希望我再来？4. be sure to do sth./ be sure of/about sb. or sth. (1)be sure to do sth.可以用来表现说话人给对方提出要求，意思是“务必”，也可以用来表现说话人做出的推断，意思是“一定”，“肯定”。例如：Be sure to lock the door when you leave.你脱离时务必把门锁好。
It’s a good film. You are sure to enjoy it.这是一部好影戏，你肯定会喜欢的。(2)be sure of/about sb.or sth. 可用来表现“某人对某事有掌握”。
例如：I’m sure of his success.我相信他会乐成。I think it was three years ago, but I’m not sure about it.我想那是三年前的事情，但我没有掌握。
5. hear from/hear of hear意思是“听到”，从那里听到要用from来表现。例如：I’ve heard from Xiao Wu that we’ll start out military training tomorrow.我听小吴说，我们明天开始军训。Listen to the tape and write out what you hear from Han Mei.听录音，并写出你从韩梅那里听到的内容。
hear from另有一个意思是“收到某人的来信”（=receive a letter from sb.）。例如：I heard from my pen friend in the U.S.A. last month. 上个月我受到了美国笔友的来信。
I heard from her last week. 我上周接到了她的来信。hear of和和hear from寄义差别。hear of 意思是“听说”，“得知”（某事或某人的存在），常用在疑问句和否认句里。
例如：Who is he? I’ve never heard of him.他是谁？我从来没有听说过他。I never heard of such a thing! 这样的事我从来没有听说过。
6. It’s a pleasure./With pleasure.It’s a pleasure这句话常用作别人向你表现致谢时的答语，意思是“那是我乐意做的”。例如：---Thank you for helping me. 谢谢你地资助。
---It’s a pleasure. 那是我乐意做的。---Thanks a lot. Bye.很是谢谢。再见。---It’s a pleasure. 那是我乐意做的。
再见。类似的话另有 “Not at all.” “You are welcome.” “That’s all right.”With pleasure也用作客套的答语，主要用在别人要你做某事，而你又很是愿意去做的场所。
例如：---Will you please pass me the newspaper, please?请你把报纸递给我好吗？---With pleasure.固然可以。7. seem/look(1)二者都可以作“看起来”讲，但seem表示凭借一些迹象作出的有凭据的判断，这种判断往往靠近事实；look着重强调由视以为出的印象。两者都可跟(to be)+形容词和as if从句。
如：He seems / looks (to be) very happy today. 他今天看起来很兴奋。It looks (seems) as if it it is going to rain. 似乎要下雨了。
(2)但下列情况中只用seem不用look：1)后跟不定式to do时。如：He seems to know the answer. 他似乎知道谜底。2)在It seems that ...结构中。如：It seems that he is happier now than yesterday.他像比昨天兴奋些了。
8. be ready to do/be ready for/ get ready to do/get ready for(1)be ready to do和be ready for…表现“已作好…的准备”，强调状态(2)get ready to do和get ready for…表现“为…做准备”，强调行为。如：I'm ready to do anything you want me to do. 我愿意/随时准备做一切做你要我做的事。
I'm ready for any questions you may ask.我愿意/随时准备回覆你可能问的问题。He's getting ready to leave for Tokyo.他正准备动身去东京。Let's get ready for the hard moment.我们为这一艰难时刻作好准备吧。(3)be ready to do 通常可明白“乐于做某事”，即思想上总是有做某事的准备。
be not ready to do表现“不轻易做某事”。如：He's usually not ready to listen to others.他通常不轻易听从别人。
9. at table/at the tableat table在用饭，at the table在桌子旁边。例如：The Greens are at table. 格林一家人在用饭。Mr. Black is sitting at the table and reading a book.布莱克先生坐在桌旁念书。10. reach, arrive/get to三者都有"到达"之意。
reach是及物动词，后直接加名词，get和arrive是不及物动词，不能直接加名词，须借助于介词。get to后加名词所在，若跟副词所在时，to去掉；arrive at +小地方，arrive in+大地方。
如：Lucy got to the zoo before 8 o'clock. 露西8点前到了动物园。When did your parents arrive in Shanghai? 你怙恃何时到上海的？It was late when I got home. 我抵家时天色已晚。11. sick/ill二者都是形容词。当“生病的，患病“之意时，ill只作表语，不作定语；而sick既可作表语也可作定语。
sick有"吐逆，恶心"的意思，只能作表语，而ill无此意。如：Li Lei was ill last week. (只作表语)李磊上周生病了。He's a sick man. （作定语）他是病人。
不能说成：He's an ill man.My grandfather was sick for a month last year. （作表语）我祖父去年病了一个月。12. in time/on timein time是"实时"的意思，on time是"准时，定时"。如：I didn't get to the bus stop in time. 我没有实时遇上汽车。
We'll finish our job on time. 我们要定时完成任务。13. may be/maybeIt may be in your inside pocket. = Maybe it is in your inside pocket. 也许在你里边的口袋里。
第一句中may be是情态动词+be 动词组成的谓语部门，意思是"也许是"，"可能是"；第二句中的maybe是副词，意思是"可能"，常位于句首，不能位于句中，相当于另一副词 perhaps。再如：Maybe you put it in that bag.也许你放在了那只包里。（不能说You maybe put itin that bag.）It may be a hat.那可能是顶帽子。
（不能说It maybe a hat. 或It maybe is a hat.）14. noise/ voice/ soundnoise 指嘈杂声，噪音大的吵杂声。voice是指说话的声音，嗓音，嗓子。sound是指耳朵能够听到的声音、闹声等。它是表现声音之意的最普通的字。
有时还用作科学上的声音。例如：Don't make so much noise! 别那么高声喧哗！I didn't recognize John's voice on the telephone. 在电话里我听不出约翰的声音。He spoke in a low voice. 他低声说话。We heard a strange sound. 我们听到了一种奇怪的声音。
Sound travels fast, but light travels faster. 声音传得快，可是光传得更快。初二英语（下）【知识梳理】I. 重点短语1. on time2. out of3. all by oneself4. lots of5. no longer6. get back7. sooner or later8. run away9. eat up10. take care of11. turn off12. turn on13. after a while14. make faces15. teach oneself16. fall off17. play the piano18. knock at19. to one's surprise20. look up21. enjoy oneself22. help yourself23. tell a story / stories24. leave....behind ……25. come along26. hold a sports meeting27. be neck and neck28. as ... as29. not so / as ... as30. do one's best31. take part in32. a moment late33. Bad luck!34. fall behind35. high jump36. long jump37. relay race38. well done!39. take off40. as usual41. a pair of42. at once43. hurry off44. come to oneself45. after a while46. knock on47. take care of48. at the moment49. set off50. here and there51. on watch52. look out53. take one’s placeII. 重要句型1. We’d better not do sth.2. leave one. oneself3. find one’s way to a place4. stand on one’s head5. make sb. Happy6. catch up with sb.7. pass on sth. to somebody8. spend time doing sth.9. go on doing sth.10. get on well with sb.11. be angry with sb.12. be fed up with sth.13. not…until…14. make room for sb.III. 外交用语1. We’re all by ourselves.2. I fell a little afraid.3. Don’t be afraid.4. Help!5. Can’t you hear anything?6. I can’t hear anything / anybody there.7. Maybe it’s a tiger.8. Let’s get it back before they eat the food.9. Did she learn all by herself?10. Could she swim when she was …years old?11. She didn’t hurt herself.12. He couldn’t buy himself many nice things.13. Did he enjoy himself?14. Help yourselves.15. Bad luck!16. Come on!17. Well done! Congratulations (to…)!18. It must be very interesting.19. I don’t think you’ll like it.20. It seems to be an interesting book.21. I’m sure (that)… I’m not sure if… I’m not sure what to…22. I hope so.23. What was he/she drawing when…?24. I’m sorry to trouble you.25. Would you please…?26. What were you doing at ten o’clock yesterday morning?27. You look tired today.28. You’d better go to bed early tonight, if you can.29. How kind!30. Let’s move the bag, or it may cause an accident.31. It’s really nice of you.32. Don’t mention it.33. Don’t crowd around him.IV. 重要语法1. 不定代词/副词的运用；2. 反身代词的用法；3. 并列句；4. 形容词和副词的比力品级；5. 冠词的用法；6. 动词的已往举行时；【名师解说】1. bring/takeBring表现“带来、拿来”，指从别处朝说话人所在或将在的地方“带来、拿来”。而take则表现“拿去、带走”，它表现的偏向与bring相反，指从说话人所在地“拿走、带走”。
如：Bring me the book, please. 把那本书给我拿来。Take some food to the old man. 给那位老人带去些食物。
2. somebody/ anybody/nobody 一般说来，somebody用于定句，anybody用于否认句、疑问句和条件状语从句。例如：Somebody came to see you when you were out. 你出来时有人来见你。Does anybody live on this island? 有人在这岛上住吗？I didn't see anybody there. 我在那儿谁也没瞥见。
Don't let anybody in. I'm too busy to see anybody. 别让任何人进来。我太忙，谁也不想见。There is nobody in the room. 房间里没人。
Nobody told me that you were ill, so I didn't know about it .谁也没告诉我你病了所以我不知道。3. listen, listen to, hear这三个词意思都是“听”，可是它们的用法不完全相同。
它们的区别在于：(1)listen 只用于不及物动词，后面接人某人物做宾语，着重于“倾听”，指的是有意识的行动，至于是否听到，并非强调的重点。如：Listen! Someone is singing in the classroom. 听！有人在课堂唱歌。(2)listen to 为listen的及物形式，后面一定要接人或物做宾语，这里的to是介词。
如：Do you like listening to light music?你喜欢听轻音乐吗？(3)hear 可用作及物动词，也可用作不及物动词，意思是“听到、听见”，指用耳朵听到了某个声音，表现无意识的行动，着重于听的能力和效果。如：We hear with our ears.我们用耳朵听。
She listens but hears nothing.她听了听，可是什么也没有听见。4. many/ much/ a few/ a little/ few/ little(1)many修饰可数名词，much修饰不行数名词；都表现许多。例如：He has many books.他有许多书。He drank much milk.他喝了许多牛奶。
(2)a few和a little都表现"有一点儿"，偏重于肯定，相当于"some"，但a few修饰可数名词，a little修饰不行数名词，例如：He has a few friends in London.他在伦敦有一些朋侪。Would you like some coffee? Yes, just a little.喝点咖啡好吗？好的，只要一点。(3)few和little表现"险些没有"，偏重否认。
few后接可数名词，little后接不行数名词。例如：He is a strange man. He has few words.他是个怪人，他险些不说什么话。Hurry up, there is little time left.赶忙，没什么时间了。5. either/ neither/ both either可作形容词，一般指"两者中的任何一个"。
有时也可表现"两个都……"的意思，后跟名词的单数形式；neither: 指两者中没有一个，全否认；both: 指两者都，肯定。句中可作主语、宾语和定语，both后面应跟名词的复数形式。如：Neither of the films is good.两部影戏都欠好。
（没有一部是好的）Either of the films is good. 两部影戏都不错。（谓语动词用单数）Both the teachers often answer the questions.这两个老师都经常解答问题。
6. take part in/jointake part in到场某种运动; join到场，加入某一政党或组织。例如：Can you take part in my party.你能来到场我的派对吗？We often take part in many school activities.我们经常到场学校里的一些运动。
He joined the party in 1963. 他1963年入的党。My little brother joined the army last year. 我小弟去年参的军。7. quite/ rather/ very(1)quite 表现水平“很，十分，完全地”，“相当”。如：She is quite right.她对极了。
That's not quite what I want . 那并不完全是我所要的。(2)rather 表现水平上的“相当”，比预想地水平要大，通常用在不喜欢的情况下。
如：It's rather cold today.今天的天气相当冷。(3)very 表现水平“很，甚，极其，很是”，用于修饰形容词或副词，既可用在喜欢的情况下，也可用于不喜欢的情况下。
应注意“a very +形容词+可数名词的单数”结构中，"a"应置于"very"之前，该结构相当“quite a/an +形容词+名词”的结构。如：Two months is quite a long time. / a very long time. 两个月是一段很长的时间。
It's a very nice day / quite a nice day. 今天天气很好。更多优质资源，请 关注并帮助转发，也可以私信“英语”跟我联系免费获取电子版，更希望跟我交流英语学习方面的知识。
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